Paris Goes To War

War came Paris, Texas on December 7, 1941. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declarations of war of the Axis countries of Japan, Germany and Italy against The United States brought World War II literally to the doorsteps of Paris.

The U.S. response to war hit Paris like a tidal wave and the results were everlasting.

This small East Texas town responded as hundreds of small towns across America did. Its sons, daughters and citizens joined the war effort.

But Paris began to develop its own uniqueness with the opening of Camp Maxey just a few miles north of the city limits in 1942. Two major divisions, the 102d Infantry Division and the 99th Infantry Division, trained there. It is estimated that over 200,000 troops and civilians trained and worked at Camp Maxey during its short 4 years of existance.

Camp Maxey was also selected as a site, as were many other training camp sites in Texas, to house German prisoners-of-war. More than 6,000 Germans were hosted there until well after the last shots of anger were fired in Europe in 1945.

Paris, as was the whole country, was like a stirred pot. The young men and women who came to Camp Maxey to train spent their leaves in town. Many of them met, courted, and married local men and women. Likewise, Paris sons and daughters who left were meeting their future spouses. The long historic ties that had held Paris together as a tight community were stretched around the world.

To and from Paris the letters streamed in and out from friends and families: from the battle fronts, from far-away hometowns, from Washington D.C., to Europe, to The Pacific and literally all points of the globe.

Sad news of soldiers being killed, exciting news of the birth of a new baby, common news about town gossip all swirlled around this small town of Paris. Paris was making its contribution to march the country toward victory.

In 1941 Paris Goes To War.


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Thursday, June 21, 2018

In Memory of Raymond D. Zomerfelt, Trained At Camp Maxey, 158th Combat Engineers, Battle of theBulge



Raymond D. Zomerfelt, 90, of Duluth, died April 13, 2013.

Veterans Memorial Hall is a joint program of the St. Louis County Historical Society and the United States Military service veterans of northeastern Minnesota, with a mission to gather, preserve, interpret, and promote the rich and diverse human experiences of veterans, their families, and communities through museum, archival, and educational programs.

Mr. Zomerfelt entered the Army April 27, 1943, at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Home at entry: Duluth, Minnesota.

He served as a Technician Fifth Grade and low speed radio operator and mine field clearer with the 158th Combat Engineers in Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes, and Central Europe. Attended basic training at Camp Maxey, Texas, and assigned to the 158th Engineers C Battalion. Twenty and twenty-five mile marches were nothing new.

On February 28-9, 1943, the battalion was engaged in an assault crossing the Red River. March 16th left for Camp Shanks, N.Y., where masks were issued and tested in gas chambers. At 0550 hours boarded the USS Thurstonand began a 212 mile zag across the ocean which took 13 days to reach Cardiff, Wales. Took a train to an area near Strood, England, on May 17th.

Trained in firing tommy guns, bazooka, and grenades. On June 24, 1943, at South Hampton, England, boarded the SS Robert L. Vann setting sail for France. Landed on Utah Beach at 1950 hours on June 26th. Cleared a four mile area of mines, grenades and booby traps, most were in the hedges, for the Third Army going through St. Lo to Paris.

At one point in France, Companies A, B, and C with the Headquarters in a local castle. Near the castle was a garage with a room upstairs with his radio. That night a German plane flew over and strafed the motor pool and his sergeant in the legs. Received a message on the transmitter indicating that the Germans had broken through the American lines. Ran the message to the castle and gave it to a captain who said that he had to write urgent on the message.

In radio school was instructed that he could not write on the message. The first lieutenant told him that he was correct. The next day the companies were to move out. The captain put him out in the field all by himself and told him to catch a ride when his outfit came. Luckily his sergeant came by and said, "What are you doing here?" Informed his sergeant what the captain had said and his sergeant replied, "He must be crazy!"

December 17, 1944 — The 158th Engineer Combat Battalion, under Lieutenant Colonel Sam Tabet, was assigned to protect VIII Corps headquarters at Bastogne until the 101st Airborne Division arrived. Engineers constructed and manned a line of roadblocks, hasty minefields, and dug-in positions. They stretched chains of antitank mines across the roads and covered these obstacles with rifles, machine guns, and bazookas. Elements of an armored division were forced back leaving the 158th Engineer Combat Battalion and a company of the 35th Engineer Combat Battalion as the only force in front of Bastogne. By afternoon, 19 December, the engineers had held the line long enough for the 101st to move up and relieve them.

They were sent back to reorganize. He and two buddies were sent to a farm house to relay messages to our battalion. Heard Germans getting close to their location so they buried the radio. Cut off from his outfit, he hooked up with a supply outfit for over two months. When he reconnected with his company, was told that the Germans asked the couple in the farm house, "Where are the three Americans that were on the radio?"

He was awarded the following: Good Conduct Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and three overseas service bars.

Mr. Zomerfelt was honorably discharged on October 31, 1945, at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin.
Source: Hometown Heroes:  The Saint Louis County World War II Project, page 368.


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